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Afonso I of Portugal
Afonso I〔Or also ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' (Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', depending on the Spanish or French influence.〕 (25 July 1109, Coimbra, Guimarães or Viseu – 6 December 1185, Coimbra), more commonly known as D. Afonso Henriques ((:ɐˈfõsu ẽˈʁikɨʃ)), nicknamed "the Conqueror" ((ポルトガル語:O Conquistador)), "the Founder" () or "the Great" () by the Portuguese, and ''El-Bortukali'' (Arabic البرتغال ) ("the Portuguese") and ''Ibn-Arrik'' (Arabic ابن الرَّنك or ابن الرَنْق ) ("son of Henry", "Henriques") by the Moors whom he fought, was the first King of Portugal. He achieved the independence of the southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia, the County of Portugal, from Galicia's overlord, the King of León, in 1139, establishing a new kingdom and doubling its area with the ''Reconquista'', an objective that he pursued until his death, in 1185, after forty-six years of wars against the Moors.
==Mother's rule==
Afonso I was the son of Henry of Burgundy and Theresa, the natural daughter of King Alfonso VI of León and Castile. The pair reigned jointly as Count and Countess of Portugal until Henry's death, after which Theresa reigned alone.〔(Gerli, E. Michael. ''Medieval Iberia'', Routledge, 2013, ISBN 9781136771613 )〕 Afonso was about three years old when his father Count Henry, died on 12 May 1112 during the siege of Astorga.〔Mattoso, José (2014). D. Afonso Henriques (in Portuguese) (2nd ed.). Lisbon: Temas e Debates. ISBN 978-972-759-911-0〕 In an effort to pursue a larger share in the Leonese inheritance, his mother Theresa married Fernando Pérez, Count of Trava, the most powerful count in Galicia.〔
The Portuguese nobility disliked the alliance between Galicia and Portugal and rallied around the infant Afonso. The Archbishop of Braga was also concerned with the dominance of Galicia, apprehensive of the ecclesiastical pretensions of his new rival the Galician Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela, Diego Gelmírez, who had claimed an alleged discovery of relics of Saint James in his town, as a way to gain power and riches over the other cathedrals in the Iberian Peninsula. In 1122, Afonso turned fourteen, the adult age in the 12th century. He made himself a knight on his own account in the Cathedral of Zamora, raised an army, and proceeded to take control of his mother's lands.
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